The grey shales comprises of three thin laminated black shales beds 26, 2 and 19 of howarth 6 separated by silty bioturbated mudstones and overlain by the jet rock. The rocks exposed are lower jurassic, all of which were deposited in marine conditions of varying depth. They are always formed in layers, called beds or strata, and quite often contain fossils. This paper describes the holotype of rhomaleosaurus thorntoni nhmuk pv r4853 from the upper part of the whitby mudstone formation toarcian of kingsthorpe hollow, northamptonshire, england. Formation cleveland ironstone formation whitby mudstone formation lias group lias old term for lower jurassic.
Impact of geochemical interactions between hydraulic fracturing. Gunnar saelen university of bergen, geological institute, bergen, norway. A photographic guide siri scientific press more than 200 colour photographs and illustrations photography by benjamin hyde and illustrations by nobumichi tamura the small coastal town of whitby is located in north yorkshire, england. Microstructure and permeability of the whitby mudstone uk. It presents taxonomic, distributional, and ecological data about the entire fossil record. Impact of geochemical interactions between hydraulic. Fossilworks hosts query, analysis, and download functions used to access large paleontological data sets. Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the. The whitby mudstone formation is the lowermost formation exposed at ketton, but it is only visible when the water table is low hudson and clements 2007, pp. A study covering various fields of research concerning the british equivalent of the posidonia shale formation psf, the whitby mudstone formation wmf is presented. They tiny particles settle to the bottom of oceans, lake floors or lagoons or even in quiet stretches of rivers. Geological magazine enhanced arctictethys connectivity ended. A rare and unusual trace fossil from the lower jurassic. Microstructural characteristics of the whitby mudstone formation uk.
When trying to improve gas productivity from unconventional sources a first aim is to understand gas storage and gas flow potential through the rock by investigating the microstructure, mineralogy and matrix porosity of unfractured shale. The top of the whitby mudstone formation lias group, toarcian, bifrons ammonite zone is exposed low in the geological site of special scientific interest at ketton quarry, east midlands. Triaxial deformation tests were performed on mudstone core plugs to investigate the impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of the whitby mudstone united kingdom. The carbon isotope excursion in the whitby mudstone formation correlates to the toarcian oceanic anoxic event t. Falciferumbifrons in regional chronostratigraphy geological formation in yorkshire and worcestershire, england. In fact, the whitby mudstone formation has about half the rate of increase of the charmouth mudstone formation, and about twothirds that of the dyrham formation. Geotechnical properties of a weak mudstone in downtown.
Rapid observations to guide the design of systems for long. Pdf 6 the lower jurassicaged whitby mudstone formation, preserved in north east 7 england, has been investigated using sequence. The cleveland ironstone and whitby mudstone formations also contain leaner. A rare burrow of fustiglyphus annulatus vialov from this part of the succession, not reported from the whitby mudstone formation hitherto, was collected from float. Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation anisotropy of shales.
Horizontal fracturefault network characterization of pavement. The whitby mudstone is a toarcian geological formation in yorkshire and worcestershire. Whitby mudstone formation includes the jet rock an informal, lithostratigraphic division. Environmental and geological consultants merrington house, merrington lane industrial estate, spennymoor, co durham, dl16 7ut tel. They are formed from sediment deposited by fastflowing rivers or by waves on beaches. Shale blocks used in this study were collected during field work at outcrops along the cliff coast north of whitby, uk, and they are time and depositionally. Request pdf microstructural characteristics of the whitby mudstone formation uk when trying to improve gas productivity from unconventional sources a first aim is to understand gas storage. As the mud is buried and compacted by overlying sediment, the water is squeezed out and it turns into mudstone.
Microstructurally the circa 8 meter thick jet section of the whitby mudstone formation can be subdivided into a fossil rich 15 % top half with an organic matter content of 710% and a submm laminated alternating clayrich, carbonaterich, not necessarily fossils, layers lower half were. The lenton sandstone formation is a poorly cemented, fine. It has been included in the marlstone by others, but the. The mechanical and physical properties of the whitby mudstone were estimated from stressstrain and ultrasonic wave velocity data obtained on core plugs with different water saturations under isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions. Mudstones form when very finegrained clay particles are deposited in water. A rare and unusual trace fossil from the lower jurassic lias. Whitby mudstone formation southeast of peak old peak in some sources. Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediment grains deposited by water, wind or ice.
The whitby mudstone has extremely high intrinsic elastic anisotropy 0. In the current nomenclature, which defines the base of the charmouth mudstone as the top of the youngest limestone in a mudstone limestone succession that contains numerous limestone beds cox et al. The taxonomy and systematics of parapsicephalus purdoni. The staithes sandstone formation is approxim ately 25m thick, and is dominated. Since newtons original description, its taxonomic status has been contentious. Mudstone blocks were collected from the same horizon in the outcrop using a hammer and a chisel. A pterosaur humerus and scapulocoracoid from the jurassic. However, the validity of mystriosaurus has often been questioned e. This sandstone of the dyrham formation has been given the local name sandrock by past workers. The specimens from saltwick bay extend the record of predated ammonites to the lower jurassic of north yorkshire. The whitby mudstone formation s alum shale member is exposed on the highest part of the shore and at the foot of the cliff. Microfabric, mineralogy and early diagenetic history of. This is another location where you can find ammonites and shells.
The whitby mudstone formation has been divided into. Osteology of rhomaleosaurus thorntoni sauropterygia. The elemental geochemistry data were used to assess the palaeoredox state of the depositional environment, the role of dilution of organic matter by siliciclastic material, and the rates of organic productivity in the photic zone above the site of deposition. However, a diverse and abundant suite of phallocystaceae dominated by susadinium scrofoides and ovalicysta hiatawith low but consistent numbers of phallocysta and parvocysta spp. So far, we have evidence of jurassic sea life on one side and land vegetation on the other but whitby cannot possibly have been under the sea and above it at the same time. Decomposition of pyrite by weathering forms sulfuric acid, which acts on potash and alumina constituents to form alum, which often occurs as efflorescences on the. The lower jurassic toarcian pterosaur parapsicephalus purdoni newton, 1888 from the whitby mudstone formation of north yorkshire is known from a threedimensionally preserved skull with a threedimensional endocast of the brain.
The wmf is the lateral equivalent of the psf in northen europe ghadeer et al. The whitby mudstone formation is predominantly argillaceous and locally c. The engineering geology of the nottingham area, uk. The formation, part of the lias group, is present in the cleveland and worcester basins and the east midlands shelf. The upper lias whitby mudstone formation having as many as 42 landslides per 100 km. The quarry exposes a full sequence of the marlstone, 3. Pyrite framboid size distribution of the grey shales. Mudstone whitby mudstone formation 3% sandstones and siltstones cleveland ironstone formation 1% mudstones and siltstone redcar mudstone formation 96% as illustrated by the table above, redcar mudstonethe formation will comprise the principal rock waste component 96% by volume to be generated from the works and. Horizontal fracturefault network characterization of. The mudstone samples were recovered from the deep excavation for the bow office tower located in the heavily builtup area of downtown calgary. A pterosaur humerus and scapulocoracoid from the jurassic whitby mudstone formation, and the evolution of large body size in early pterosaurs. Blue lias and the lower lias clay now charmouth mudstone formation at the top of table ledge bed 53. The earliest shallowing episode culminated in the marlstone rock formation and is thought to be due to regional hinterland andor seabed uplift. The whitby mudstone formation in northeast england contains three shale facies normal, restricted and bituminous which have previously been differentiated on the basis of sedimentary structures and faunal assemblages.
The fractured and highly fissile nature of weak mudstone renders block sampling and preparation of specimens unusually. Chalky till oadby till occurs at the top of the quarry. Microstructural characteristics of the whitby mudstone. New, wellpreserved examples of the linguliform brachiopod discinisca holdeni are reported from the belemnite marl and green ammonite members of the lower jurassic charmouth mudstone formation, near golden cap, dorset. The mineralogy of mudrocks from the lias group of england. The mechanical and physical properties of the whitby mudstone were estimated from stressstrain and ultrasonic wave velocity data obtained on core plugs with different. In cleveland basin, base of mudstone resting upon ooidal limestone or sideritic mudstone nodules of the cleveland ironstone see cox, b m, et al, for more details. Prior to exhumation, the whitby mudstone formation and, by inference, the underlying cleveland ironstone formation was buried to the early oil window williams, 1986.
Main goal of this research is to construct a characterization of the wmf by studying heterogeneities and natural fracture patterns on meso and microscale. Pdf whitby mudstone formation its microstructure, porosity. Hangx 1 1 department of earth sciences, utrecht university, budapestlaan 4, 3584 cd utrecht, the netherlands, 2 department of. The rocks are lower toarcian in age and were deposited in the cleveland basin.
The staithes sandstone formation is also visible above. Request pdf microstructural characteristics of the whitby mudstone formation uk when trying to improve gas productivity from unconventional sources a. Apr 12, 2014 so far, we have evidence of jurassic sea life on one side and land vegetation on the other but whitby cannot possibly have been under the sea and above it at the same time. Redcar mudstone perhaps one of the most famous jurassic sites in northern england is on the north yorkshire coast between staithes and port mulgrave. Kettleness, north yorkshire, whitby mudstone formation alum shales member overlain by sandstones, siltstones and mudstones of the ravenscar group nz.
The whitby mudstone formation has one of the highest landslide densities in the uk with 42 landslides per 100 km2. Stableisotope analyses of belemnite rostra from the whitby mudstone formation, england. Stableisotope analyses of belemnite rostra from the. Scunthorpe mudstone formation m blue lias formation. A combined geomorphological and geophysical approach to. The strata of triassic age in the nottingham area fall into two groups, namely, the sherwood sandstone group and the overlying mercia mudstone group fig. Impact of water saturation on the mechanical properties. Sandstone, cleveland ironstone, whitby mudstone and blea wyke sandstone formations at various locations between staithes and runswick bay and near kettleness. Whitby mudstone formation from the cleveland basin using the then recent development of backscattered scanning electron microscopy. Lias group engineering geological studies of bedrock. The ironstone formation is overlain by the whitby mudstone formation, which forms the. The cleveland ironstone and whitby mudstone formations also contain leaner intervals characterised by variable quartz, carbonate and clay contents. The linguliform brachiopod discinisca in the lower jurassic.
Some geologists designate as mudstone any similar rock that is blocky or massive. Bitten ammonites from the upper lias group lower jurassic. The whitby mudstone formations alum shale member is exposed on the highest part of the shore and at the foot of the cliff. The stratigraphical derivation of the specimens is unknown, but their location suggests that they are likely to be from the whitby mudstone formation in the upper lias group of the lower jurassic. Middle lias staithes sandstone formation, cleveland ironstone formation. The results analysed by area show that the rate of increase of n with depth appears greater for areas 2 and 4 compared with the remainder. The whitby mudstone is an analogue for the dutch posidonia shale which is a possible unconventional source for gas. The shale blocks were stored in seawater from the moment of recovery to prevent them from drying. It can be a very productive location when the conditions are right, yielding a wide range of ammonite species. To the west of staithes, the redcar mudstone formation can be seen in the cliff face. Houben and others published whitby mudstone formation its microstructure, porosity and permeability find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Whilst the sand was being deposited in horizontal layers on the east. In most areas, sharp, eroded boundary with limestones or sandstones of the inferior oolite group east midlands shelf or the ravenscar group or dogger formation cleveland basin.
The whitby mudstone formation was chosen because it has previously been well studied howarth, 1962. Whitby mudstone fm marginally oil mature potential analogue for posidonia shale weald bowlandhodder shale case study. The mulgrave shale member of the whitby mudstone formation can microstructurally be subdivided into a fossil rich 15% upper half and a submm mineralogically laminated lower half. Fracture characterization versus reservoir heterogeneity of. Both formations are deposited during the lower jurassic toarcian, roughly under the same anoxic sedimentary conditions. The mudstone samples originate from a wavecut pla tform of the whitby mudstone formation wmf, united kingdom. Formation has yielded several exceptionally preserved mesozoic reptiles including the plesiosaurs. Impact of water saturation on the mechanical properties and. The visible jurassic sequence is summarised in the table below. Conglomerate is made up of rounded pebbles 2mm cemented together. It has been associated with fossils for hundreds of years. To the east of staithes, you can see the higher part of the staithes formation in the lower part of the cliff and the higher beds of the cleveland ironstone formation. Superficial deposits are not indicated on the geological maps. Whitby mudstone outcrop howarths beds, 1962 powell, 2010 extent of lower toarcian organicrich sediments of nw europe, mcarthur et al.
The alum shale formation also known as alum schist and alum slate is a formation of black shale of middle cambrian to tremadocian lower ordovician in age found in southern scandinavia. The lias group rocks are recorded as having the highest incidence of landsliding in the uk. Mudstone, sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay or siltsized particles less than 0. The uppermost part of the formation is most likely within the bifrons zone see discussion in hudson and clements 2007, p. Impact of water saturation on the elastic anisotropy of. Rhomaleosaurus thorntoni possesses the following autapomorphies. Houben 1, john kaszuba 2, auke barnhoorn 3, and suzanne j. A geological fault is shown passing through the site from north to south.
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